Norfolk Biffins and ‘Beefing’ Apples – Bibliography

This page lists the books and research papers that I have referred to during my research for The Norfolk Biffin Story¹ and The ‘Beefing’ Apples Story.

For a more general list of the fruit and pomology books in my own collection, please see the Orchard Bibliography here on OrchardNotes.com.

For a much more comprehensive list of pomology and fruit-growing sources, with links to downloadable online editions (via Google Books, Archive.org, Biodiversity Library, Early English Books Online, etc.) of some of the older, out-of-copyright works – including most of the texts listed below – please see my online pomology bibliography (available to view via Google Sheets).

Books, Catalogues, Journals, etc.

Abercrombie, John – Abercrombie’s Practical Gardener 2nd edition (1817)
Abercrombie, John – Every Man His Own Gardener 23rd and 25th editions (1829, 1848)
Abercrombie, John – The Garden Vade Mecum (1789)
Acton, Eliza – Modern Cookery In All Its Branches 1st edition (1845)
Agricultural Journal of the Cape of Good Hope, vol 6 (1893)
Aiton, William Townsend – An Epitome of the 2. Edition of Hortus Kewensis (1814)
Amherst, Alicia – A History of Gardening in England (1895)
Askay, Monica & Williamson, Tom – Orchard Recipes from Eastern England (2020)
Assam (India) Department of Agriculture – Annual report on the Agricultural Experiments and Demonstrations in Assam (1916)
Backhouse, Thomas and James, of York – Catalogue of Fruits and Forest Trees 1st and 2nd editions (1816, 1821)
Ball, Caroline – Heritage Apples (2019)
Barnes, Gerry and Williamson, Tom – The Orchards of Eastern England: History, Ecology and Place (2021)
Barnes, Gerry and Williamson, Tom – English Orchards: A Landscape History (2022)
Barron, A. F. – British Apples: Report on the National Apple Congress of 1883 (1884)
Barron, A. F. – British Apples Illustrated: Condensed Report on the National Apple Congress of 1883 and the Apple and Pear Conference of 1888 (1888)
Bath and West of England Society – Letters and Papers on Agriculture, Planting &c. Addressed to the Bath and West of England Society (1788)
Bealey, Adam – Orchard Plan for/from Radcliffe Close (1810 – 1821)
Bliss, George (pseudonym of White, George M.) The Fruit Grower’s Instructor 1st and 2nd editions (1825, 1841)
Bradley, Richard – Dictionarium Botanicum (1728)
Bridgeman, Thomas – The Fruit Cultivator’s Manual (1844)
Bridgeman, Thomas – Fruit Gardening (1901)
Brookshaw, George – Pomona Britannica (1804 – 1812)
Bull, Henry Graves & Hogg, Robert – The Herefordshire Pomona (1876 – 1885)
Bulletins du Cercle Professoral Pour le Progrès de l’Arboriculture en Belgique (1889)
Bultitude, John – Apples, A Guide to the Identification of International Varieties (1983)
Bunyard, Edward A. – A Handbook of Hardy Fruits More Commonly Grown in Great Britain (1920)
Bunyard, George & Co. – Catalogue of fruit trees cultivated by George Bunyard & Co., Royal Nurseries, 1898-99 (1898)
Caledonian Horticultural Society – Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society vol 1 (1814)
Campbell, Alexander and Sons, Glasnevin, Dublin – Descriptive Catalogue of Roses, Hollyhocks, Pansies and Fruit Trees (1861)
Cassel Nursery, Mantua, Ohio – Catalogue (1922)
Cassel’s Books – Cassel’s Dictionary of Cookery (1883)
Chambers, John – A General History of the County of Norfolk (1829)
Chittenden, F. J. (ed.) – Apples and Pears, Varieties and Cultivation (1935)
Clifford, Sue & King, Angela + contributors – The Apple Source Book (1991, 2007)
Copas, Liz – A Somerset Pomona (2001)
Cree, John – Hortus Addlestonensis (1829)
Crichton, David Alexander – The Australasian Fruit Culturist (1893)
Crosby, Joanna – Apples and Orchards Since the Eighteenth Century (2023)
De Breuil, Alphonse, trans. Wardle, William – The Science and Practice of Grafting, Pruning, and Training Fruit Trees 1st edition (1862)
De Breuil, Alphonse, trans. Wardle, William – The Scientific and Profitable Culture of Fruit Trees … Adapted for English Cultivators by W. Wardle 2nd and 3rd editions (1872, 1874)
Dickson, Archibald and Sons – A Catalogue of Foreign and Native Forest-trees, Flowering-shrubs, Evergreens, and Greenhouse-plants: also, Fruit-trees, Flower-roots, and Plants
Downing, Andrew Jackson & Downing, Charles – The Fruits and Fruit Trees of America various editions (1845 – 1872)
Doyle, Martin (pseudonym of Hickey, William) – Practical Gardening (1836)
Dunn, Malcolm – Report on the 1885 Royal Caledonian Apple and Pear Congress (1887)
Florist and Pomologist and Suburban Gardener (1884)
Forsyth, William – A Treatise on the Culture and Management of Fruit Trees 1st to 7th editions (1802, 1803, 1804/5, 1806, 1810, 1818, 1824)
Furber, Robert – Twelve Months of Fruit (1732)
The Garden (1886)
Gardener’s Chronicle, vol 20 (1883)
Gartenflora vol 44 (1895)
Garton, James – The Practical Gardener, and Gentleman’s Directory (1769)
Glenny, George – Hand-Book to the Fruit and Vegetable Garden (1850)
Gordon, Dermer and Thompson – A catalogue of trees, shrubs, plants, flower roots, seeds, &c., sold by Gordon, Dermer and Thomson, seed and nurserymen, at Mile End, near London (1780)
Gordon, Dermer, Forsyth & Co. – Catalogue of Forest Trees, Flowering Shrubs, Plants, Flower Roots and Seeds (undated, c. 1796?)
Gray, Adams, Hogg (Brompton Park Nursery) – The Manual of Fruits (1847)
Great Britain Board of Agriculture, dir. Sir John Sinclair – Appendix to the General Report of the Agricultural State, and Political Circumstances, of Scotland (1814)
Great Britain Board of Agriculture & Fisheries – Leaflet No. 283, ‘Storage and Disposal of Apples and Pears’ (1915)
Grigson, Jane – Food With the Famous (1979)
Grimwood, Daniel, of Little Chelsea, London – A Catalogue of Greenhouse Plants, Hardy Trees and Shrubs etc. (1783)
Groom, James – The Apple in Orchard and Garden (1883)
Hills, Lawrence D. – The Good Fruit Guide (1984)
Hogg, Robert – British Pomology vol 1 (1851)
Hogg, Robert & Bull, Henry Graves – The Apple and Pear as Vintage Fruits (1886)
Hogg, Robert – The Fruit Manual 1st to 5th editions (1860, 1862, 1866, 1875, 1884)
Horticultural Society of London – Catalogue of Fruits Cultivated in the Garden of the Horticultural Society of London, at Chiswick 1st edtn, ed. Sabine, Joseph (1826)
Horticultural Society of London – Catalogue of Fruits Cultivated in the Garden of the Horticultural Society of London, at Chiswick 2nd and 3rd editions, ed. Thompson, Robert (1831, 1842)
Horticultural Society of London – Catalogue of Fruits Cultivated in the Garden of the Horticultural Society of London, at Chiswick, Third Edition, Supplement (ed. Thompson, Robert?) via Hort Soc London Journal Vol 8 (1853)
Horticultural Society of London – Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London vols 1 to 3 (1813 – 1818)
Horticultural Society of Victoria (Melbourne) – Catalogue of Fruit Trees, Experimental Garden, Survey Paddock, Richmond (1863)
Jenkins, Thomas (London nurseryman) – Hortus Marybonensis (1819)
Johnson, George W. The Cottage Gardener vol 1 (1849)
Journal of Horticulture and Cottage Gardener (1876, 1883, 1886, 1893)
Journal of Horticulture, Cottage Gardener and Country Gentleman (1876)
Journal of Horticulture, Cottage Gardener and Home Farmer (1882, 1883, 1890)
Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, Vol X (1888), Vol XXI (1897)
Juniper, Barrie & Mabberley, David J. – The Story of the Apple (2006)
Kelly’s Directories – Kelly’s Directory of Herefordshire and Shropshire (1905)
Kendrick, William – The New American Orchardist (1833)
Knight, Joseph – Catalogue of fruit trees, ornamental trees and shrubs… etc. (1808)
Lang, T. & Co. – Catalogue of Plants Cultivated for Sale by T. Lang & Co., Melbourne, Australia (1870)
Laws, Bill – The Story of the Herefordshire Pomona (2025)
Lee, John & Charles – Catalogue of Fruit Trees, Cultivated and Sold by John and Charles Lee, Nursery and Seedsmen, Hammersmith, near London
L’Illustration Horticole (1884)
Lindley, George (ed. Lindley, John) – A Guide to the Orchard and Kitchen Garden (1831)
Lindley, George – A Plan of an Orchard (1796)
Lindley, George – ‘An Account of Some of the Best Varieties of Apples peculiar to, or cultivated in, The County of Norfolk‘ via Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London (1819)
Linnean Botanic Garden and Nursery – Descriptive Catalogue of Fruit and Ornamental Trees… (1845)
Loudon Jane (ed.) & Loudon, John Claudius – An Encyclopedia of Gardening, new edition (1850)
Loudon, John Claudius – An Encyclopedia of Gardening 1st, 2nd, 5th and 6th editions (1822, 1824, 1828, 1830)
Loudon, John Claudius – Hints on the Formation of Gardens and Pleasure Grounds (1813)
Lucas, Edouard (ed.) – Monatsschrift für Pomologie und Praktischen Obstbau (1865)
Luker, Smith and Lewis – Catalogue of hardy trees and shrubs, greenhouse and stove plants, herbaceous plants, and fruit-trees … (1780)
Luker and Smith – A Catalogue of Hardy Trees and Shrubs, Greenhouse and Stove Plants, Herbaceous Plants, and Fruit-Trees (1783)
Mackie, John and Son – Catalog of Forest Trees (1790, 1812)
Mackie, Sarah – A Catalogue of Fruit and Forest Trees (1825)
Marshall, Charles – An Introduction to the Knowledge and Practice of Gardening (1798)
Mason, John – Fine Double Hyacinth and Other Curious Flower Roots… &c (catalogue) (1790)
Masters, W. of Canterbury – Hortus Duroverni 3rd edition
McIntosh, Charles – The Book of the Garden (1855)
McIntosh, Charles – The Orchard (1839)
Miller, John – Bristol Nursery: A Catalogue of Forest Trees, Evergreen and Flowering Shrubs, Fruit Trees, Herbaceous, Green-house, and Hot-house Plants (1826)
Miller, Philip The Practical Gardener (1810)
Morgan, Joan & Richards, Alison – The Book of Apples (1993)
Neue Allgemeine Deutsche Garten- und Blumenzeitung (1884)
Nicol, Walter – The Gardener’s Kalendar 2nd edition (1812)
Nicol, Walter – The Scotch Forcing Gardener 1st and 4th editions (1797, 1810)
Noisette, Louis-Claude – Catalogue Méthodique des Arbres Fruitiers (1825)
Norwak, Mary – East Anglian Recipes (1978)
Page, William Bridgewater – Page’s Prodromus (1818)
Parsons and Co., Flushing, New York – Catalogue of Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Plants (1846)
Pettigrew, Thomas Joseph – Memoirs of the Life of Vice-admiral Lord Viscount Nelson vol 2 (1849)
Pinkerton, William – A Brief Catalogue of Fruit Trees Sold by William Pinkerton, Nursery and Seedsman, in Wigan, Lancashire (1782)
Prince, William R. & Co., Flushing, New York – Prince’s Descriptive Catalogue of Fruit and Ornamental Trees (1844-45)
Quaritch, Bernard – A catalogue of works on botany… (1898)
Ragan, W. H. – Nomenclature of the Apple (1905)
Raphael, Sandra – An Oak Spring Pomona (1990)
Readman, Joanna Fruity Stories (1996)
Rees, Abraham – The Cyclopædia; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature (1819)
Reiss, Marcia – Apples (2015)
Rivers, Thomas – Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits (1853, 1855, 1857, 1860, 1863)
Rivers, Thomas – The Miniature Fruit Garden (1859)
Rogers, John – The Fruit Cultivator (1837)
Ronalds, Hugh & Elizabeth – Pyrus Malus Brentfordiensis (1831)
Royal Horticultural Society – Catalogue of Fruits Cultivated in the Garden of the Royal Horticultural Society of London, at Chiswick 4th edition, via Proceedings of the Royal Horticultural Society Vols 2 to 4 (1862 – 1864)
Royal Society of Tasmania – Papers and Proceedings and Report of the Royal Society of Tasmania (1876)
Rundell, Mary – A New System of Domestic Cookery (1806)
Salisbury, William – Hints Addressed to Proprietors of Orchards (1816)
Salisbury, William – The Cottager’s Companion (1822)
Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science and Art, vol 42
Scott, John – Scott’s Orchardist 2nd edition (1873)
Smee, Alfred – My Garden Its Plan and Culture (1872)
Smith, Muriel W. G. – National Apple Register of the United Kingdom (1971)
Smith & Co., W. T. – Catalogue 1902
Stocks, Christopher – Forgotten Fruits (2008)
Strong, Roy – The Laskett – The Story of a Garden (1996)
Swain, Bill – The Commonsense of Gardening (1976)
Taylor, H. V. – The Apples of England 1st edition (1936)
Taylor, H. V. – The Apples of England 3rd edition (1946)
The Cottage Gardener (1851)
The Garden vol 29 (1886)
The Gardeners’ Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette (1853)
The Gardeners’ Chronicle, New Series (1883, 1885, 1900, 1903)
The Gardeners’ Magazine (1900)
The Gardener’s Magazine, and Register of Rural and Domestic Improvement Volume 8 (1832)
Thomas, Octave – Guide Pratique de l’Amateur de Fruits (1876)
Thompson, Robert – The Gardener’s Assistant Practical and Scientific 1st and 2nd editions (1859, 1878)
Timbs, John – Popular Errors Explained and Illustrated (1841)
Towers, George John The Domestic Gardener’s Manual (1830)
Transactions of the Woolhope Naturalists Field Club, various volumes
Ward, Ruth – A Harvest of Apples (1988)
Watts, Elizabeth – The Orchard and Fruit Garden (1867)
Weston, Richard – The English Flora (1775)
Weston, Richard – The Universal Botanist and Nurseryman vol IV (1770)
Whitley, Reginald – A Catalogue of Forest-trees, Shrubs, Herbaceous, Green-house, Hot-house Plants and Fruit-trees (undated, c.1795-1800?)
Whitmill, Benjamin Snr. and Whitmill, Benjamin Jnr. – Kalendarium Universale 3rd to 8th editions (1747 – 1766)
Wilson, C. Anne – The Country House Kitchen Garden 1600 – 1950 (1998)
Witham Fogg, H. G. – Fruit Growing (1963)
Woodforde, Parson James – Diaries (1786 – 1796)
Woolhope Naturalists Club – Transactions of the Woolhope Naturalists Club, various volumes (1881 – 1886)
Wright, John C. – The Fruit Growers Guide (1891)

Research Papers

Goven et al. – Defra project GC0140: Fingerprinting the National Fruit Collections, East Malling Research. (2007)
>> Full report available on ResearchGate.net
Jacques, David – ‘William Forsyth and His Library’ in Garden History Vol. 24, No. 1 (1996)
>> Available on ResearchGate.net

Footnotes

1
This is the original, blog post version of the article, which I’m planning to re-work into the same format as the ‘Beefing’ Apples series in the light of some additional research that I’ve carried out. Links will be updated in due course. ↩︎